The diagnosis of RLS is clinical and is made by taking a good and thorough clinical history from subject and partner.

Physical examination is often normal. Important examinations include-

A neurological examination - particularly peripheral nervous system
A vascular examination - to rule out vascular causes

There are no laboratory tests to diagnose RLS. Secondary causes of RLS such as iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin B12 /Folate deficiency, diabetes mellitus, and kidney failure (uraemia) need to be excluded. Blood tests required include

Full blood count
Iron studies
Serum ferritin
Serum Vitamin B12 /Folate
Thyroid function tests
Urea & Electrolytes
Serum glucose

Some patients with severe RLS and insomnia may need to undergo sleep studies such as polysomnography or immobilisation tests, in specialised centres.

Such tests can identify:

A: PLM
B: Nocturnal awakenings
C: Sleep architecture related problems